Different atoms and ions possess characteristic energy levels. Like a fingerprint, they are unique for each species. Among ...

Since the pioneering work of German scientists Robert Bunsen (1811–1899) and Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887), who discovered ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy have emerged as complementary techniques that enable the precise characterisation of materials at the nanoscale. AFM provides ...

Although polarized raman spectroscopy has been utilized by researchers globally for several years, this is the first time that it has been implemented for observing, measuring and tracing the ...

Relativistic atomic structure and spectroscopy address the complex interplay of quantum mechanics and Einstein’s theory of relativity to describe the behaviour of electrons in atoms, particularly ...

Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) and the Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM) have developed a novel method for investigating the internal structure of atoms and discovered ...

In the world of semiconductor nanodevices, where quantum effects and atomic positions dictate behavior, the demand for advanced characterization methods is on the rise, and spectroscopic techniques ...

Indian scientists have developed a non-invasive technique that allows real-time measurement of the local density of ...

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that provides detailed information about the structure, dynamics, and chemical environment of molecules at the atomic ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...