Nucleic acids are complex biological molecules that store and transmit genetic information in all living organisms. They are essential for the survival and reproduction of life on Earth. The two main ...

Since the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA and postulation of the central dogma of molecular biology, stating that the flow of genetic information goes from DNA to RNA to protein, the ...

In our bodies, there are trillions of cells. From white blood cells to skin cells, each type has its own specific function which helps us perform tasks and survive. But what makes up these cells and ...

Recent developments in nanoparticle-mediated cancer immunotherapy promote treatment with less toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy utilizes a patient’s immune system to target and destroy cancer. Many types ...

This image depicts the chemical structure of cytosine. It shows a hexagonal ring with nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and a primary amine group attached to carbon 4. The two remaining positions ...