A converter that tapers off a 4 mA input to zero, and adds the input and the tapered off 4mA signal to create a 2-wire 4-20 mA output loop.

Extend the LM358 op-amp family’s output voltage range by cascading the op-amp with a few simple, inexpensive components.

Feedback refers to a core concept in circuit design and control theory, used to stabilize amplifiers and control system behavior. This article outlines the fundamental architecture of feedback, ...

Physics Viva Questions Class 12 (2026): CBSE Class 12 practical examinations for the 2026 board exams are being scheduled in many schools during the second half of January 2026, and students are now ...

Abstract: Hybrid energy storage (HES) is a new approach that combines capacitive energy storage (CES) and inductive energy storage (IES), and parallel HES (P-HES) is one of the most basic structures ...

Abstract: This article proposes an open-circuit fault diagnosis method for parallel inverter switches based on circulating current. The mixed logic dynamic (MLD) model of the parallel inverter system ...